Posted in Academic Issues

Mirroring Our Creator

Not too long ago, while grading homework for a course I was teaching, I saw a “better than usual” performance from one of my students.  I noted that, if she would consistently concentrate on what she was doing, she was capable of very good work.   The response I got to this was as follows:

I just stumbled across the feedback you gave me…Thank you for that. It’s nice to hear those things once in a while, and especially from a professor of your calibre.

My response to this was as follows:

At the beginning of his poem Paradiso, Dante wrote the following:

The glory of Him who moves all things rays forth
through all the universe, and is reflected
from each thing in proportion to its worth.

Our first task in life is to point the mirror in the right direction.

I’m sure that it’s the rare professor in the College of Engineering and Computer Science that would quote Dante in a communication with a student, but doing so brings up some things that need to be said.

Today the concept of “equality” is endlessly paraded before us.  In practice, however, equality is a tricky concept.  It’s one thing to pass some legislation and give each other the high-five that we’ve moved towards a more just society. It’s another to achieve real equality.  To do that would require either that we accept that everyone have the same outcome (which was a goal of Communism) or abolish any kind of reward for performance, and frankly we’re not near either one.

No where is that more evident than in education.  In spite of the levelling efforts of the last fifty years, we still don’t have real equality, not only among the students and faculty but among differing institutions.  There are many reasons for this but the most important one is that people are not the same; thus, inequality is built into the system from the start.

A teacher is presented with a varied lot each time class assembles.  In addition to differing levels of intelligence, there are other things that vary.  Students learn differently one from another.  Some take too many courses in one semester.  Some work full-time jobs and/or have a family.  Some do both, which can be a real disaster.  Some experience personal tragedy, either going into their studies or during them.

It’s tempting for an academic to focus on their “best” students.  Having worked in industry first, I am aware that there is more to life than academic performance, and I’ve seen in class that the “smart” students aren’t always the ones who come up with the best solutions, especially on projects.  That tells me that, as one of my own professors observed, testing may not be the best was to gauge performance, but it’s the best we’ve got.  We need to understand its limitations, along with those of the whole academic system.

Getting back to Dante, he lived in a world where inequality was accepted as a fact of life.  But he also lived in a Christian world where each and every human being had worth to his or her Creator.  Each of those creatures should reflect whatever glory their creator put in them; if they did so, they fulfilled their purpose, and found their value in doing so.

Today our obsession with “equality” leads us to try to do all and be all.  But our God doesn’t expect that, and neither do I.  As a professor, what I want to see from my students is their best, to bring out that which their God and their creator has endowed them with.  If I get that, I’ve succeeded and they’ve succeeded.

That is what I meant by my comment: our first task is to direct ourselves in such a way as to reflect the glory of our Creator best, and that first is towards Him.  But that leads to another point of the Paradiso: we get to the point where we realise we cannot achieve our true goal without God’s help and presence in our lives.  To fully reflect the glory of our Creator and to fulfil his purpose for us requires that step, and for that the provision is his, not ours.

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Posted in Academic Issues

Is the Principles and Practice of Engineering Exam a Barrier Against Women?

The intrepid Toni Airaksinen at Campus Reform has written an article highlighting the research of Drs. Julia Keen & Anna Salvatorelli on this subject.  The statistics are interesting and so are their recommendations for further research:

This study focused on pass rate, and the resultant disparity is only the first step. Additional research should be conducted to identify why women are not passing the PE exam at an equal percentage rate as men. This research should include:

  • Identifying biases in the exam itself

  • Examining the timing of administration of the exam in an engineer’s career progression

  • Exploring the likelihood of women to retake the exam compared to men after failing since the number of attempts was not recorded within the data collected

  • Identify factors that may contribute to higher pass rate for women in some states compared to others.

As someone who has taught civil engineering for more than a decade at the undergraduate level, this has more than a passing interest.  For me, it was also an interesting moment, because I saw this just after I had returned from the dedication of the new headquarters for Division 2 of the Tennessee Department of Transportation, where most of my students who work there are female.

Let me first set forth their “bottom line” cumulative statistics (I strongly urge those of you who can get access to their paper to do so):

  1. About 20% of the people who take the “Principles and Practices” exam are women.  That tracks pretty well with the number of women in my classes.
  2. 51.5% of the women pass the test on the first try, while 63.1% of the men do.

With that out of the way, I’d like to make some observations.

  1. My female students tend to be a very diligent and competent group.  In many ways an engineering curriculum is more of an endurance match than anything else; the women “tough it out” at least as well as the men.
  2. I’ve never noticed women having more difficulty with tests than men in my classes.  That’s saying a lot because my tests tend to be bizarre, as my students will attest.
  3. Women in civil engineering have some built-in advantages because of the diffuse structure of the system by which structures get built and their socialization skills, as I explain this 2014 post.  Because of the nature of our society, engineers tend to get stuck in the caboose on the train of respectability; I think that women are a significant part of the key to change that situation.

Especially considering #2, I find it hard to believe that the test is intrinsically biased against women.  So why is this disparity so?  Our researchers give us four options, and my gut tells me that the second one is the most likely.

My reasoning is simple.  Generally speaking, most engineering students take their first exam (the FE exam) while they’re in undergraduate school.  After they they acquire four years of experience, they can apply for the privilege of taking the P&P exam.  If they pass it and meet other requirements, they obtain their Professional Engineers license.  For most people, that means that the critical moment takes place in their mid- to late twenties.  Millennials aren’t as “progressive” on sorting out tasks between spouses or partners as some might have you believe.  That time in life is also the same time when many marry, have children, etc., and the work associated with those events falls harder on women.  Thus the first opportunity to take the exam takes place at a point in life which is less opportune for women than it is for men.

So what is to be done?  Do we need a special accommodation?  The answer is “no.”  Since venting pet peeves seems to be the thing on this site these days, let me vent one of mine: there is no cogent reason why we should force people to wait several years out from their academic studies to take the P&P exam.  This exam is supposed to reflect experience, but a reality check is in order: it’s just another academic exercise like just most any other test.  Fortunately change is in the wind, as this statement from the National Society of Professional Engineers indicates:

Until relatively recently, candidates for licensure as a professional engineer have needed to gain four years of approved work experience before taking the Principles and Practice of Engineering (PE) Exam. In recent years, however, attitudes within the profession toward the early taking of the PE exam have begun to shift. In 2013, the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES) removed from its Model Law the requirement that candidates earn four years of experience before taking the exam. Separating the experience requirement from eligibility for taking the PE exam is sometimes called decoupling. For the National Society of Professional Engineers, as stated in Position Statement No. 1778,

“Licensing boards and governing jurisdictions are encouraged to provide the option of taking the Principles and Practice of Engineering exam as soon as an applicant for licensure believes they are prepared to take the exam. The applicant would not be eligible for licensure until meeting all requirements for licensure— 4-year Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology/Engineering Accreditation Commission accredited degree, passing the Fundamentals of Engineering exam and the Principles and Practice of Engineering exam, and 4 years of progressive engineering experience.”

The NSPE would have us think that this concept is a novelty, but that’s not really the case.  When I was an undergraduate at Texas A&M University in the 1970’s, Texas allowed people to take both exams before graduation; our own NSPE student chapter strongly encouraged that, and I did it myself.  Taking the P&P exam not only gets the exam away from major life events in early adulthood, it also eliminates a good deal of remedial work trying to remember things one learned in school but had forgotten in the years before the exam.

I think that, if we do not obscure our thinking with trendy concepts and look at things realistically, we can solve this disparity by making a change that will benefit both men and women and improve our profession.  If this disparity provides motivation to move the process of “decoupling” forward, then so be it.  It’s a change that’s overdue.

Posted in Academic Issues, Deep Foundations, Geotechnical Engineering

Tribute to Harry M. Coyle

It is with sadness that we report the death of Dr. Harry M. Coyle, professor of civil engineering at Texas A&M University from 1964 to 1987, back in January.  The obituary is below.

For those of us involved in deep foundations, his name is a familiar one, and his monographs have graced this site and its companion, vulcanhammer.info, for many years.  Among other things he is known for the Coyle and Castello method for estimating pile capacity in sand, the Coyle and Gibson method for determining damping for pile dynamics analysis, and the co-developer of the PX4C3 routine for axial load-settlement estimation, which we feature on this site, and which is the ancestor of many of those in use today.  He was deeply involved in the development of the TTI wave equation program, and some of his work relating to that is here.

Our continued condolences and prayers go to his family, and, as the obituary states, “Having loved his friends and family well, Harry Coyle will be missed by all until we are reunited with him in Glory. “

Obituary

Harry Michael Coyle, 90, entered the presence of his Savior on January 18, 2017. He was born on January 7, 1927 in Johnstown, PA to Foster H. and Ruth Enid Michael Coyle. Graduating from Richland Township, PA schools, Harry briefly enlisted in the Army, then won an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point, where he graduated in 1950. He earned a Masters Degree in Civil Engineering in 1956 from MIT and a PhD in 1963 from the University of Texas at Austin.

Harry met the love of his life, Josephine (Jo-Jo) Oefinger on a blind date in Washington, DC in 1954. It was love at first sight. Among other things, Harry told her, “Your eyes are like limpid pools and I could drown in them.” The star-struck couple married on March 26, 1955. Their love story lasted through 56 years of marriage at her death in 2011, and until this day.

Colonel Coyle actively served his country in the Army Corps of Engineers for 12 years: in Alaska after graduation from West Point; at Ft. Belvoir, VA (where his daughter, Debbie, was born in 1956); in a deployment to Korea in 1957 (during which daughter, Jenifer, was born in San Antonio); and on faculty at West Point (where son, Michael, was born in 1960). He then served as an officer in the U.S. Army Reserves while earning his PhD in Austin, where son, Pat, was born in 1963. Ultimately, he attained the rank of Colonel in 1973 and retired in 1987.

With his PhD in hand, Dr. Coyle took a job at Texas A&M University in the Civil Engineering Department in 1964, and moved the family to Bryan, Texas. A popular faculty member, he energetically served his Aggie colleagues and students until his retirement in 1987.

It was in the BCS community that Harry’s commitment and desire to serve his Lord blossomed. He and Jo-Jo became founding members of Grace Bible Church, where Harry served many years on the Board of Elders, eventually becoming an Elder Emeritus. For 50 years at Grace, he shared his deep faith and knowledge of the Bible with hundreds of students and many adults through small group teaching and one on one mentoring. Harry and Jo-Jo founded the Adopt An Aggie program at Grace, patterned after West Point’s adopt a plebe program. Known as a prayer warrior, Harry spent hours a day lifting up the needs of others, and he helped spread the Gospel of Christ throughout the world via financial and prayerful support of many missionaries. He continued to disciple, support and inspire others until his death. Having loved his friends and family well, Harry Coyle will be missed by all until we are reunited with him in Glory.

He was preceded in death by his parents, his beloved wife Jo-Jo, and his dear son Michael. Harry is survived by daughter Debbie Barry (and her children Julia and Andrew) of Belmont, MA; daughter Jenifer Purvis and husband Karl (and their children Kelsey and fiancée Scott Lorg, and Matthew and wife Morgan) of Berryton, KS; daughter-in-law Beth Gibson Coyle Faris of Boerne, TX and her daughters Christen (and husband Jacob) Kennington and Lauren (and husband Christopher) Orgeron of Houston, TX; son Patrick Coyle and wife Jeanne (and their children Katie, David and Lexie) of Bryan, TX ; and sister Lucretia Ann Cucciardo of Tampa, FL, and many loving nieces, nephews and cousins. Beloved great-grandchildren are Micah and Claire Orgeron, and Riley and Reagan Kennington.

A visitation will be held from 6:30 – 8:30 PM on Sunday, January 22, 2017 at Hillier Funeral Home of Bryan. A celebration of Harry’s life will be held at 11:30 a.m. on Monday, January 23, 2017 at Grace Bible Church, 700 Anderson Street, College Station. Memorial gifts may be given to Grace Bible Church Missionary House, 700 Anderson Street, College Station TX 77840; or Hospice Brazos Valley, 502 W. 26th St., Bryan, TX 77803.