Posted in Academic Issues, Geotechnical Engineering

The Invertibility of the p-q Diagram System

We know that we can transform the traditional Mohr-Coulomb \sigma-\tau system to the p-q system by using the equations

p=1/2\,\sigma_{{1}}+1/2\,\sigma_{{3}}

and

q=1/2\,\sigma_{{1}}-1/2\,\sigma_{{3}}

Stated formally, this means that, for every set of principal stresses, there is a unique pair of p and q values.

But did you know you can go the other way, if you need to? Let’s start by putting these equations into matrix format, which yields

\left[\begin{array}{cc} 1/2 & 1/2\\ {\medskip}1/2 & -1/2 \end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{c} \sigma_{{1}}\\ {\medskip}\sigma_{{3}} \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{c} p\\ {\medskip}q \end{array}\right]

Inverting the matrix and premultiplying the right hand side yields

\left[\begin{array}{c} \sigma_{{1}}\\ {\medskip}\sigma_{{3}} \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{cc} 1 & 1\\ {\medskip}1 & -1 \end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{c} p\\ {\medskip}q \end{array}\right]

The inversion is the key step. The fact that the matrix is invertible, square and of the same rank as the vectors means that the transformation is linear, one-to-one and onto. We can also say that, for every set of p and q values, there is a unique set of principal stresses.

Those principal stresses are

\left[\begin{array}{c} \sigma_{{1}}\\ {\medskip}\sigma_{{3}} \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{c} p+q\\ {\medskip}p-q \end{array}\right]

As an example, consider the first set of p and q values computed in my original post on the subject. Substituting those into the last equation yields

\left[\begin{array}{c} \sigma_{{1}}\\ {\medskip}\sigma_{{3}} \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{c} 200\\ {\medskip}70 \end{array}\right]

which of course are the original values given.

Posted in Academic Issues

“Getting to Know You”: My Profile for UTC’s College of Engineering and Computer Science

It’s not often that someone else does a write-up about me, but where I teach (at the University of Chattanooga’s College of Engineering and Computer Science) they did a profile of me in their series “Getting to Know You.” You can read it all here.

Posted in Academic Issues

How Those “Award-Winning” Lab Videos Came into Being — Chet Aero Marine

Last Thursday evening the College of Engineering of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga presented me with a couple of awards. Outstanding Lecturer/Adjunct Teaching Award, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga I find myself disparaging some of my activities as “award-losing,” and they certainly are, but […]

How Those “Award-Winning” Lab Videos Came into Being — Chet Aero Marine
Posted in Academic Issues, Geotechnical Engineering

An Anniversary, An Announcement and Looking Ahead

Today is an anniversary I’ve commemorated before: it’s the anniversary this web site/blog (take your pick) got its start as the Wave Equation Page for Piling. It’s been twenty-four years since I put the first pages on GeoCities, and it’s been going (with spin-offs) ever since. It’s time for a little looking back, and some looking forward too.

The year 2020 was traumatic for just about everyone but it was a good year for this site. It was even a better year in that most of the traffic to the site came from outside the United States (that trend has continued into 2021.) This is in spite of the fact that my students at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga mostly access it from within the country, having no small part in the visits/page views for the site. (I say mostly; a few actually did so from outside the country, as they were forced to continue their coursework from overseas due to COVID.)

One of the long-term goals of this site has been to disseminate knowledge about geotechnical engineering to where it’s needed most: to developing countries which need to build their infrastructure and bring a better life to their citizens. In the first decade of this millennium, it tended to dominate the field, but realistically this is no longer the case. Nevertheless it remains an important resource in a shifting internet, and in a field where social media cannot (or at least has not) replaced the open internet.

One thing that has helped this change–and the long-term value of this site–has been the growing educational component of the site in Soil Mechanics, Soil Mechanics Laboratory and Foundations classes. I have taught consistently at UTC since 2009 and have put up most of my educational material for these courses on this site. The COVID pandemic only accelerated that; I taught this past academic year completely online, which necessitated putting the lectures onto YouTube. This means that one can take entire courses (except for the homework and tests) on this site, or use this material as a facilitator for online courses.

That leads to the next announcement: I am retiring from full-time teaching at the end of the month. There’s a lot of academic “inside baseball” in that, but I will revert to adjunct teaching after that time, as I did before my full-time appointment in 2019. I will continue, Lord willing, to teach in the immediate future, and also plan to continue to build this site with new educational materials of all kinds, both for the courses and for the documents that have been a hallmark of this site from its earliest times.

As always, thanks for your support, or as I say at the end of all my videos, thanks for watching and God bless.

Posted in Academic Issues, Geotechnical Engineering

Derivation of Boussinesq’s Stress and Strain Equations for a Point Load on a Semi-Infinte Space (like soil)

Most Soil Mechanics and Foundations text and reference books (such as NAVFAC DM 7.01 and Verruijt) state the equations for Boussinesq’s point load problem without proof. For those who are interested in how these equations are developed, below is the derivation, taken from Manual of the Theory of Elasticity, by V.G. Rekach, where more detail is given along with the notation, which is different from what we have in the U.S.. The derivation from Rekach is given below.